Retrofitting Agricultural Self-Propelled Machines with Roll-Over and Tip-Over Protective Structures

In the agricultural sector, loss of stability related to use self-propelled machinery (SPAM) has caused and continues cause accidents, often with fatal outcomes. The probability occurrence this risk can be reduced by acting on various aspects, but above all presence a protective structure is necessary. Depending machine, roll-over (ROPS), or tip-over (TOPS). Hence, reduce gap, reverse engineering approach virtual methods were applied starting from analysis harmonized standards actually in force, goal providing both reference procedure used assessment SPAM’s structures technical information manufacture install old machinery. Two representative case studies validate means finite element method (FEM) analyses computer aided design (CAD) prototyping. Results show that proposed represent useful indication for safety update type